Physics

Black Holes, Neutron Stars, and White Dwarfs (Collab. w/ MinuteEarth)

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This video is about the differences between the corpses or final degenerate dense star forms that dead stars take: black holes, neutron stars, and white dwarfs. The main distinguishing features between them are the mass cutoffs (Chandrasekhar limit and Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff Limit), the matter that makes them up (electrons, protons, neutrons, singularity?), and what holds them up against gravity – not thermal pressure from nuclear fusion like in a star like the sun, but electron or neutron degeneracy pressure (fermi pressure/pauli exclusion principle), and the strong nuclear force, and… nothing (in the case of a black hole).

REFERENCES:
Chandrasekhar Limit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandrasekhar_limit
Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff Limit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff_limit
Richard Pogge (Ohio State) on Neutron & White Dwarf Stars: http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~pogge/Ast162/Unit3/extreme.html
Richard Pogge on Star Formation: http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~pogge/Ast162/Unit2/starform.html
Richard Pogge on Black Holes
Differences between galaxies and galaxy clusters: https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn20026-when-is-a-group-of-stars-not-a-galaxy/
Introductory/review Paper on Neutron Stars: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1102.5735.pdf
White dwarf stars on hyperphysics: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Astro/whdwar.html
Brown Dwarf: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_dwarf

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Created by Henry Reich

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